ABSTRACT
This study represents a comprehensive evaluation of normative values for lymphocyte immunophenotype subsets using flow cytometry techniques in a Japanese population. Lymphocyte reference ranges were determined for percentage and absolute count of T, B, and NK cells in healthy adult Japanese using an extensive two-color immunophenotyping panel and consistently applied quality control methodology. Reference values were also determined for activation markers on CD3+ lymphocytes CD3+/CD25+, CD3+/CD38+ and CD3+/HLA-DR+. Differences in age and gender were observed for specific lymphocyte subsets. Comparison of the Japanese study with a Thai multi-center study that used similar methodology also demonstrated ethnic differences in lymphocyte reference ranges. The results in this study strongly suggest that reference values derived from studies in one population may not be applied to another population even when similar protocols for reagents, instruments and procedures are used although such studies do appear useful for epidemiological comparisons.
Subject(s)
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase/blood , Adult , Age Factors , Antigens, CD/blood , ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 , Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/blood , Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/blood , B-Lymphocytes/metabolism , Biomarkers/blood , Female , Flow Cytometry , HLA-DR Antigens/blood , Humans , Immunophenotyping , Japan , Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism , Lymphocyte Activation , Lymphocyte Count , Male , Membrane Glycoproteins , Middle Aged , Receptors, Interleukin-2/blood , Reference Values , Sex Factors , T-Lymphocytes/metabolismABSTRACT
Although several animal models for human cerebral malaria have been proposed in the past, name have shown pathological findings that are similar to those seen in humans. In order to develop an animal model for human cerebral malaria, we studied the pathology of brains of Plasmodium coatneyi (primate malaria parasite)-infected rhesus monkeys. Our study demonstrated parazitized erythrocyte (PRBC) sequestration and cytoadherence of knobs on PRBC to endothelial cells in cerebral microvessels of these monkeys. This similar to the findings een in human cerebral malaria. Crebral microvessels with sequestred PRBC were shown by immunohistochemistry to possess CD36, TSP and ICAM-1. These proteins were not evident in cerebral microvessels of uninfected control monkeys. Our study indicates, for the first time, that rhesus monkeys infected with P. coatneyi can be used as a primate model to study human cerebral malaria